Extract Obtainable from the Mammalian Pancreas or from the Related Glands in Fishes, Useful in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, and a Method of Preparing It
(Insulin for diabetics)

Millions of diabetics owe their lives to Frederick Banting's idea and research. Working with fellow Canadians Charles Best and James Collip, Banting determined that insulin was the key to treating diabetes. After discovering that the absence of insulin is a the main factor in diabetes, they determined that injections of insulin might keep diabetics alive and developed techniques for extracting, isolating, and administering it.

Banting was born near Alliston, Ontario and received a bachelor of medicine degree from the University of Toronto in 1916. He served as a military surgeon for the next two years in England and France, where he sustained serious shrapnel wounds. He returned to Canada, establishing a surgical practice in London, Ontario, and served as a medical demonstrator at the University of Western Ontario. Stimulated to research by the death of a childhood friend to diabetes, he conceived a technique to isolate the anti-diabetic component of the pancreas. He returned to the University of Toronto in 1921 to conduct experiments on the pancreas.

In 1923, Banting was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was knighted by King George V in 1934 and was elected a Fellow of the American College of Physicians and an honorary member of the Royal College of Surgeons and the Royal College of Physicians.

Frederick Banting
Charles Best
Vannevar Bush
James Collip
Harry Wesley Coover
Wallace Coulter
Ray Dolby
Edith Flanigen
Robert Gallo
Ivan Getting
John Gibbon
Lloyd Augustus Hall
Elias Howe
Charles D. Kelman
Luc Montagnier
Bernard Oliver
Bradford Parkinson
Norbert Rillieux
John Roebling
Claude Shannon